父母的愛是范文

時間:2023-03-18 16:24:24

導語:如何才能寫好一篇父母的愛是,這就需要搜集整理更多的資料和文獻,歡迎閱讀由公務員之家整理的十篇范文,供你借鑒。

篇1

我可以自私地去擁有它,毫無顧慮地去享受它.可以穩穩地站在那個位置,操控一切,主宰一切.因為,我就是爸爸媽媽兩人的心,是那神圣的,純潔的,溫暖的愛的結晶.

閉上雙眼,坐在花園里,靜靜地,沐浴著燦爛的陽光,我總能夠在腦海中浮現出那幸福的鏡頭:躺在媽媽的懷抱里,瞇著眼,望著媽媽那慈祥的面容,陽光將媽媽的秀發點綴得分外迷人,金色的頭發披在兩肩,閃閃爍爍的,她那雙會說話似的眼睛深情地看著我,用那雪白纖細的手輕輕撫摸著我.媽媽的手貼在我的臉頰上,好暖,清晰的記得,我曾經對媽媽說過,我要她永遠都這樣,把手貼在我的臉頰上,讓我躺在她的懷抱里,沐浴在她那細膩的愛中.她也同樣承諾于我,說過:"當然,媽媽會永遠抱著你,就像這樣,永遠!只是,等你長大了,而媽媽卻老了的時候,你還會不會如此地親近于我,恐怕你早已離我遠遠,嫌棄我嘍!''每次,我都會給她一個甜蜜的微笑,然后,搖搖頭,更緊地抱著她.

如今,我從內心發出呼喚:媽媽,因為是你給予我那最溫暖,最幸福,最美的愛,因此,我決不會離開你,更不會嫌棄你,無論你再老,都無所謂,因為你始終是我的媽媽,一直叫到大底媽媽.我會享受你給我的愛,當然與此同時,我也會珍惜這份愛,時光匆匆流去,使我明白了:珍惜一份愛要比享受一份愛更有意義,更深刻,只有懂得珍惜,享受的愛才會更甜更美......

小時侯,爸爸常給我講故事,每一晚,我都拉著他的衣角,纏著他給我講故事,他也每次都依了我,但有一個特殊的地方,使我至今未能迎刃而解.他給我講故事時總要我閉上雙眼,才開始講.我也沒多想,每次都照做了.就這樣,每天夜里都閉上雙眼,聽著故事,幻想著故事中的情景伴著床邊故事進入夢鄉.

篇2

外甥女欣欣的痛苦

表姐的婚姻已經持續了十四年,她與老公爭吵了無數次,離婚鬧了四五年,雖未曾大打出手,但彼此惡語相向或者實施冷暴力卻是家常便飯。因為我知道表姐其實只是發牢騷,并不是真心要離婚。而且畢竟我是旁觀者,雖然也隨她一起愁郁不堪,卻并不能感同身受。

真正痛苦的是她家的小女兒欣欣。欣欣自小是跟著外婆長大的,因為遠離父母性格難免內向。回到父母身邊以后,他們夫妻又三天小爭十天大吵,每次欣欣都被嚇得哇哇大哭。她現在10歲了,毫不意外的,性情愈加沉默內斂,敏感的小心思如雨后春筍叢生卻不愿與旁人過多傾訴。

其實她原本是個非常快樂可愛的孩子,小時候與我發瘋般地玩鬧廝打。如果她成長在一個父母傾心相愛、互敬互諒的家庭,一定會是個凡事積極陽光的開心果。可是,她的原生家庭既不能給她物質享受,也不能給她文化層次,甚至連愛,都摻雜著無休止的漏洞。

就在前天,表姐與我微信視頻,手機畫面里欣欣正埋頭哭泣。我問原因,表姐說因為自己吵架揚言要離婚,孩子信以為真了。

我被氣得無奈,成年人往往口無遮攔、心口不一,可孩子卻是天性敏感多疑,習慣信以為真。隨意的一句“離婚”,對大人而言,僅僅是逞一時的口舌之快,可對孩子而言,卻是比天崩地陷更可怕、更灰暗的墮入地獄前兆啊。

大多數婚姻里的夫妻仍是彼此有愛的,只是這愛情在一地雞毛的生活重壓之下被瑣碎憋氣逐日代替,于是互生埋怨,離婚的口號此起彼伏,互相撕扯謾罵,絲毫不顧怯生生躲在墻角里那雙可憐巴巴、緊張兮兮的眼睛。

給孩子安全感

頻頻發誓要給孩子這世間最美好的一切,不讓孩子受半點苦,卻轉身對伴侶大呼小叫、聲嘶力竭,動輒摔盆子摔碗,這不是富養。

富,從漢字結構來看,從宀從 。宀的意思是房屋, 的意思是充滿。房屋充盈是為富,引申而講,充盈的除了家人與財物,還要有愛、有安全感。

沒有安全感的富養,即便給孩子提供全世界最豪華的別墅和所有珍饈美味都無濟于事。千萬別忽略家里那雙懵懂的眼睛,因為在你的家里,那雙眼睛才是最明亮的,那顆心靈才是最敏感的。

同事家的孩子今年2歲,每次他們夫妻之間以冷暴力對抗之時,孩子都會感冒發燒。或許,孩子是以這種方式在默默抗議,抗議著缺乏溫情和愛的家庭,抗議著本應該得到卻日漸喪失的溫暖。

篇3

愛有許多種愛,他們代表不同的意義,朋友之間的愛,那是純潔的;善人對窮苦人的愛,那是真誠的……但是誰對我們的愛才是最無私最真摯的呢?——那當然就是父母了!!!

我們將心比心一下,如果在某人生病的時候,讓你去照顧她,你會愿意嗎?不!你肯定不會,你可冷會想“他生病管我什么事?我憑什么去照顧她?”可是,當那個某人是你的時候,那個照顧你的人又是你父母的時候。他們會那么想嗎?不,當然不會。這是為什么呢?這就是愛!是父母的愛,是無私的愛!是父母對你的責任!所以說嘛,我們一定養對父母更十倍的加以呵護和孝敬。孝敬父母是做人的本分,是中華名族的傳統美德,是法律規定子女應盡的義務。竟然這樣我們為什么還要在家中充當小皇帝小公主呢?父母讀我們的養育之恩是永遠也訴說不完的,可以說我們生活的每一步都離不開父母的教會呵護和影響……而我們對父母的愛呢?屈指可數,所以說我們從現在開始,一定要對父母更加的疼愛以及更加的孝敬,不要在父母面前撒那無謂的嬌,我們要理解自己的父母。不要等父母年過百十的時候才發出你那微不足道的孝敬之心!

所以說!孝敬父母要在現在不要在以后。讓我們對自己的父母發出以十萬分的愛與回報吧!

萊陽市實驗中學初二:嵇奐超

作文 zuowenku.net

篇4

對我來說,這是一個溫馨的夜晚。淡淡的月色融合著輕輕的小雨,拌上風吹樹葉的聲音,一切都那么寧靜,那么讓人陶醉。

還是在那個堆滿書籍的房間里,時鐘“嘀噠,嘀噠”地響著,來不及瞟一下鐘面,腦海里出現的盡是作業。燈光漸漸變得刺眼,鋼筆在紙上就一直沒有停過。奮筆疾書的我其實老早就開始戀著那張柔軟舒適的床了,只是這些文字一直不肯放過我。經過一番拼搏,終于可以稍微休息一下了。無意間望向夜空,朦朦朧膿的看不見幾顆星星,雨,一直下著。

猛然間,我似乎聽見了門開的聲音,一個修長的身影印在墻上,是媽媽!我轉過頭,看見媽媽仍然穿著那條淺綠色的圍裙,顯然一點兒也沒有要睡的意思。指尖還在滴水,應該是剛洗過衣服,眼睛利透露出溫和的光芒。

媽媽走了過來,輕輕地說:“牛奶放這兒了,記得趁熱喝,作業做完了就早點睡,明天還要上學。”說著,把牛奶放在了我的書桌上便離開了。雪白的書桌已經被書本堆的滿滿的,最耀眼的也算是那杯牛奶了吧。牛奶還冒著熱氣,暖暖的,使夜色少了幾分凄涼。

我喝了一口,很甜,很濃,很香。我感覺有一種說不出的幸福。我接著又喝了幾口。我沒數,點點滴滴的牛奶,使我想起了母親。夜里,是母親三番五次的起床為我蓋被,結果我睡的很香,母親自己卻生病了;清晨,是母親走路去為我買早餐,剛放下東西,就急急忙忙地趕去上班;這次,母親又在慌忙之中為我送來一杯熱氣騰騰的牛奶……不知不覺,一種酸酸的感受涌上心頭。每一次感動,積累起來,將匯成愛的河流。帶著母親的這份愛,作業被我一掃而空。杯子空了。母愛也沒有了嗎?不,母愛已經注入了我心中,永遠不會干涸。

篇5

和痛楚。

我還記得我母親打我爸的第一個耳光。全都是因為我。他們為了我的去留吵了起來,我的母親臉色發青,青筋從

額角暴了上來,言語越來越激動;嚴肅的眼神和憤怒的話語,伴隨的是一個刻骨銘心的耳光。。

我爸當時愣了一下,眼睛上的眼鏡也被打飛了出去。他沒有說話。不知是傷心還是后悔?或是略帶一絲的憤怒?

我無從得知。當時,他只是無言地拉著我的手走了出去。

回到家,他只是嘆氣。他在鏡子前摸了摸自己的臉,用以證明這發生的一切不是虛假的。他的眼角略帶有一絲血絲,

那無名的液體在眼睛中打轉。但是,他還是忍住了,他用他男子漢的氣概頂住了,才使得那泄露的一絲感情沒有爆發。

一夜無言……

當時間沖淡一切,這件事過去了幾年后……

又是因為我,我一時的突發奇想。想拿錢去買當時流行的玩具,我偷拿了我母親的錢。

之后,事情暴露。我的母親忍住怒火,詢問道:“是不是你拿的?”語言有質問,有驚奇,更多的是無窮的期望:希望是自己一時數錯了錢的數目,或是其它的原因。她不能接受現實。

我知道她希望不是我拿的。但那只是自己騙自己罷了。

我最后說出了實話。

我看到了母親憤怒和絕望的臉。隨后,一根竹棒握在了她的手中。

之后,便是如暴風雨般的毒打,沒有絲毫的留情。

我忍住了痛楚,沒有讓眼淚從眼中流下來。如果,我的痛處可以讓你的心靈得到安慰的話,那就打吧。

我閉上了眼,等待最后的判決。

這時,一只手拉住了另一只手。是我的爺爺來了。

他的臉色鐵青,一把將竹棒丟了出去。

然后,我的母親和我的爺爺大吵了一架,因為我……

之后,便沒了母親的身影,直到有一天,一個電話響起。

電話那邊是我熟悉的聲音,是我的母親。

我倆隨便聊了幾句,然后,我來到了母親的新屋。

那是一間樸素的屋子。

之后,只要我有時間便會來到這兒。

有一天,一個叔叔給了我一個用盒子裝的數碼相機。

當時,我高興極了。站在一邊的母親嘆了口氣,說:“是叔叔買的,還不謝謝叔叔?”

我叫了聲“恩”,便向那個陌生的叔叔說了一聲“謝謝”

之后,似乎和往常沒什么變化。還是像往常一樣:我有時間便會來到這兒。

只不過,當有一天。我去參加某人的婚禮時,我呆住了。

參加婚禮的是我的母親和那個叔叔。

我呆了。隨后,那感情爆發了。我的哭幾乎是帶著悲慘的嚎叫的,沒有什么可以形容我的心情。

當時,我只剩下用哭來抗議老天,抗議著這不爭的現實。

之后,我被安慰了過來。但不管怎么樣,那刻骨銘心的痛,已在我的心中留下疤痕。

生活還是在繼續,一切都沒有什么變化,我偶爾還是去他們住的新房子。只是,家中少了那么一位熟悉的人,少了一份

溫情。

我是缺少母親的人。雖然她還在,但往日的日子已不復返……

我依然喜歡整天笑嘻嘻的,那是因為我想埋葬心中的痛,埋葬那不堪回首的往事,自欺欺人罷了。

父親多了一絲白發。

父親的抽煙次數增加了。

父親少了那么一絲的真心笑容,多了一絲偽裝陪笑。

……

好懷戀,三人睡在一起。我在中間,父母在兩邊。格外的溫暖……

失去了才懂得珍惜,我果然是那么愚蠢。

我并不恨誰,那全是我自己造成的結果。如果這是上帝給我的考驗,那么,我已感受到了心痛。

我不留戀過去,那是無法改變的事實。現在,我只珍惜我所擁有的。

篇6

The Joy Luck Club is written by Amy Tan,a famous Chinese American writer. In the novel, she presents the stories of four Chinese-immigrant women and their American-born daughters. Each of the four Chinese women has her own view of the world based on her experiences in China and wants to share her experiences with her daughter, and they never cease to try to build a bridge over the cultural differences and conflicts between them and their daughters with their maternal love of various forms. At first the daughters don’t understand their mothers and the Chinese culture that their mothers represent, but as time elapses, the daughters begin to understand and appreciate their mothers' past and accept their mothers in the end. In fact, it is the maternal love the Joy Luck Club mothers extend to their daughters that finally makes their daughters understand them and the Chinese culture that they represent. In this sense, the maternal love not only symbolizes Chinese culture, but more importantly serves as a bridge over the mothers and daughters, and over Chinese culture and American culture.

Key Words

The Joy Luck Club; conflicts; understanding; culture; maternal love

摘 要

《喜福會》是美國著名的華裔女作家譚恩美的代表作品。在小說中,她呈現給讀者的是四位中國移民母親與她們女兒之間的故事。這四位母親都有著自己的世界觀,她們的世界觀又是立足于她們的中國生活經歷。她們想把自己的經歷一一講述給女兒,并努力通過母愛的表達在她們與女兒的文化差異和沖突之間建立起溝通的橋梁。起初女兒們不能理解她們的母親及其代表的中國文化,但隨著時間的流逝,女兒們開始理解她們的母親,同情她們母親的悲慘過去并最終接受了她們的母親。事實上,正是《喜福會》中母親給予女兒們無微不至的母愛才最終使得女兒們理解了她們的母親及其代表的中國文化。因而, 《喜福會》中的母愛不僅是中國文化的象征,更重要的是母女理解與溝通的橋梁,也是中美文化交流的橋梁。

關鍵詞

《喜福會》;沖突;理解;文化;母愛

Introduction

Amy Tan’s the Joy Luck Club is a masterpiece in Chinese-American literature. The Joy Luck Club mothers and their daughters have been the focus of research ever since the publication of this book. Some researchers put the emphasis on the relationship between the mothers and daughters while some others believe that it is the writing style that makes Amy Tan’s the Joy Luck Club a success. For there are conflicts that have been vividly described in this book, some researchers make the conflicts in the Joy Luck Club the theme of their thesis. However, in this thesis, maternal love will be the theme, and it will be interpreted from a cultural point of view.

Through the stories of the Joy Luck Club, the secret-laden lives of four Chinese immigrant mothers and their American-born daughters are shown in front of the readers. The daughters reject their mothers’ seemingly constant criticism of everything they choose, from husbands to hairdos. They view their mothers’ warnings as irrelevant, and their advice as intrusive. The daughters do not know what has inspired their warnings and advice: the hardships their mothers suffered in China before coming to the United States. Thus, as the mothers see it, their daughters are flailing in their modern American circumstances, unable to use what is “in their bones,” the family’s inheritance of pain that led to their determined strength for survival, which their mothers try to bequeath them. The mothers, meanwhile, watch with heartache as their daughters’ marriages fail, as they expect less and less and so accept less and less. Conflicts have become something that prevents the understanding and communication between mothers and daughters. In fact, all the conflicts are caused by cultural differences. The Joy Luck Club mothers have accepted and been deeply influenced by Chinese culture, while their daughters are born and grow up in the United States and know little about Chinese culture. What they have accepted is the American mainstream culture which is somehow contradictory with Chinese culture.

However, due to the maternal love of the Joy Luck Club mothers, the mothers and daughters finally understand each other. The maternal love in the Joy Luck Club helps the daughters understand their mothers; furthermore, its significance lies in that it serves as a bridge of cultural understanding between Chinese culture and American culture.

I. Conflicts Between Mothers and Daughters

in the Joy Luck Club

Conflict is the main plot in the Joy Luck Club. Because the two generations are born and grow up in different cultural environments, the Joy Luck Club mothers and their daughters have many conflicts. The mothers are deeply influenced by the traditional Chinese culture, while their daughters are born and get educated in the United States, whose culture is a completely different one. Thus the Joy Luck Club mothers and daughter can never understand each other. The daughters at first have a strong prejudice against their mothers and the Chinese culture. Born in the United States and brought up in American mainstream culture, they inevitably hold a prejudice against their mothers and the Chinese culture. They believe that American culture is superior to Chinese culture. In their eyes, their mothers symbolize backwardness and ignorance. They are dissatisfied with their mothers who use toothpick in public. They are ashamed of their mothers who open jars to smell the insides in grocery stores and they are angry with their mothers who like to use them to show off. Naturally the four daughters try to identify themselves with American mainstream culture. Both Rose and Lena marry Americans or what their mothers call Waiguoren. They admire the Americans and their culture so much that they are willing to make sacrifice for their American husbands. Waverly thinks that her mother’s Chinese outlook would make her lose face when she attends her wedding, so she conspires with her beauty parlor to dress up her mother in an American style. The Joy Luck Club mothers intervene so much in their daughters’ life that the daughters feel their mothers’ love is not embracing but suffocating. Waverly, a chess prodigy thinks she has grown cleverer than her mother who gives her “invisible strength.” Lena fears being drawn into her mother’s madness and consoles herself by imagining others who have a life worse than hers. Rose, whose mother cannot let go of the memory of her son who drowned, now believes that by hoping for less, one isn’t vulnerable to loss. And June believes it is her mother’s impossibly high expectations that make her feel that even today, she is a failure.

On the other hand, for the Joy Luck Club mothers, they also cannot understand some behaviors of their American-born daughters. Their behaviors are so different from their mothers’ culture that their mothers even feel distain about the American culture. Ying-ying can’t bear the go-Dutch rule between Lena and her husband. Under the rule, the couple only pays for their common life expenditures that both of them have to use in their daily life. If they want to buy some personal commodities, they must pay for themselves. This is no surprise in the western countries, especially in the U.S. But according to the Chinese culture in which their mothers were born and grew up, it’s unacceptable. A married Chinese couple cannot calculate the family financial expenditure so clearly; they must share the burden together. When (Jing-mei) Woo quarrels with her mother Suyuan, Suyuan says in Chinese, “Only two kinds of daughters, those who are obedient and those who follow their own mind! Only one kind of daughter can live in this house. Obedient daughter! ” (Tan 124). Because in Chinese culture, children must obey their parents without any excuse. So when June makes her mother angry, Suyuan bursts out these Chinese characters. Due to the cultural differences, the Joy Luck Club mothers and daughters have many barriers in communication and understanding, and these barriers cannot be elated in a short period. For quite a long time, the Joy Luck Club mothers, who live in the United States as minority groups, are overwhelmed by American mainstream society, but they make great efforts to make their daughters understand them and the Chinese culture. They chat with their daughters about their past experiences and impart maternal love to their daughters, patiently waiting for the moment when their daughters can understand and respect them and the Chinese culture. Finally thanks to their maternal love they imparted to their daughters and the same blood that flows in their bodies, the Joy Luck Club mothers are able to make their daughters know and understand them and the Chinese culture.

II. Maternal Love in the Joy Luck Club

Every mother loves her child or children. Although the Joy Luck Club mothers are very strict with their daughters, they still love their daughters. And the maternal love the four mothers impart to their daughters is just a typical Chinese one. The maternal love of Chinese mothers is not as direct as that of American mothers. Chinese mothers do not kiss and hug their daughters and say “I love you” to them like their American counterparts. (Yu Longyu 173).The Joy Luck Club mothers all love their daughters in a Chinese way.

First, just as the woman in the preface of the Feathers From A Thousand Li Away cooes to her swan,

In America I will have a daughter just like me. But over there nobody will measured by

the loudness of her husband's belch. Over there nobody will look down on her, because

I will make her speak only perfect American English. And over there she will always be

too full to swallow any sorrow! She will know my meaning, because I will give her this

swan—a creature that became more than what was hoped for. (Tan 3 ).

, the Joy Luck Club mothers put high expectations upon their daughters. They hope their daughters will become successful. They begin to plan for their daughters’ future since they are children. They don’t care whether their daughters like the plan or not, because in traditional Chinese culture, sons and daughters must obey their parents, and they cannot rebel against the parents. If they do this, it is filial impiety, and they will be criticized by the family members and the neighbors and the society. Although the Joy Luck Club mothers have immigrated to the U.S, a brand-new country, their concept of the Chinese culture cannot be left behind in China. Both Suyuan and Lindo put great hope to their adolescent daughters. Suyuan hopes that one day her daughter will become famous like Shirley Temple. In order to turn her dream into reality, she lets Jingmei do lots of intelligence test that she has colleted from some magazines. She even trades housecleaning service for weekly piano lessons for her daughter Jingmei. Lindo wants her daughter Waverly to win as many champions as possible in chess games. When Waverly is practicing the chess game skills, she always stands behind Waverly, although she doesn’t know too much about chess. She arranges timetables for her daughter and she even asks Waverly’s brothers to clean the dish after supper, which is what Waverly has to do before she becomes a famous chess player in her district.

Second, the Joy Luck Club mothers criticize their daughters much more instead of praising them more like the American mothers. In their eyes, if they want their children to have power and skills so that they can survive in the fiercely competitive society, they have to be strict with their offspring. For the Joy Luck Club mothers, in order to make sure that their daughters are powerful enough in the future, they are very strict with their daughters and criticize them much instead of praising them. When Ying-ying thinks that Lena can go to school by herself, she urges again and again: “You must not walk in any direction but to school and back home” (Tan 87). But too much criticism makes the daughters feel dissatisfied and even angry with their mothers. They cannot accept this kind of love because they are strongly influenced by American inpidualism. They cannot bear their mothers’ arbitrariness and criticism no longer. Some of them openly say “no” to their mothers. Jingmei, for example, voices her strong protest: “I won’t let her change me, I promised myself. I won’t be what I’m not” (Tan 117). She even takes radical actions against her mother. In order to disappoint her mother intentionally, she discontinues her college life. And for Waverly, when her mother shows her off in the stores again and again, she can’t help shouting out her anger at her mother: “Why do you have to use me to show off? If you want to show off, why don’t you learn to play chess?” (Tan 81). The daughters can never understand their mothers on this aspect. Third, they care too much for their daughters’life. The Chinese parents hope that their offspring will have a happy life. Even if their child or children get married, they will still pay much attention to their marital life, and want to make sure that their offspring have a happy life. For the Joy Luck Club mothers, their care and love can be reflected in the assistance they provide their daughters to solve their marriage problems. They never hesitate to help their daughters when their daughters have marriage problems. They try their best to pull their daughters out of troubles. Both Rose and Lena marry Americans. In front of their American husbands, they have a sense of inferiority. Rose does not make any decision on anything. Instead, she lets her husband decide because she believes her husband’s decision is always better. Gradually, she begins to lose charms to her husband who believes that she is shouldering off responsibility. He even proposes a porce. Crisis also exists in Lena’s marriage. They fight to solve the problems, but they are too weak to work out a solution. At this critical moment, their mothers do not walk away from them but try their best to help their daughters. An-mei encourages Rose to speak up, “Why do you not speak up for yourself? Why can you not talk to your husband?” (Tan 176). When Rose takes her mother’s advice and does speak up for herself, she not only astounds her arrogant husband, but also saves her marriage. Ying-ying shows her daughter what disastrous consequences would happen if she continues to ignore the imbalance between her and her husband. In this way, she reminds her daughter to take immediate actions to get rid of the imbalance in her marriage. From the assistance that their mothers provide them, the two daughters feel the deep love as well as the powerful strength of their Chinese mothers, although sometime they may feel annoyed. Rose finally realizes that her mother is more enthusiastic and helpful than an American psychiatrist in pulling her out of psychological troubles. The American psychiatrist only makes her feel “hulihutu”. As for Lena, she finds out that her mother loves her better even than her American husband because her mother still clearly remembers that she never eats ice-cream while her husband knows nothing about it even though he has been married to her for many years. From this aspect, the Joy Luck Club mothers give their daughters a lot of help and comfort.

In fact, the maternal love of the Joy Luck Club mothers exists almost everywhere. The four daughters come to realize that their mothers are always loving them in every possible situation. They find out that their mothers would express maternal love at any moment. At the crab dinner, Suyuan would not let her daughter Jingmei pick the crab with a broken leg after every guest has taken away the good ones. In Suyuan’ eyes, a crab with a broken leg is a symbol of bad luck. She does not want her daughter to suffer from bad luck. In order to protect Jingmei from bad luck, when there are only two crabs in the plate, Suyuan picks the one with a broken leg for herself, and gives her daughter the better one. Again, the maternal love of a Chinese mother is vividly shown here. The mothers would always protect their daughters and make any sacrifice for them at any moment.

In all, the maternal love that the Joy Luck Club mothers show to their daughters is brim with Chinese culture. In the beginning, because their daughters don’t know anything about their mothers’ motherland culture, they cannot understand their mothers, but after hearing their mothers’ experiences in China, and sensing their mothers’ sincere love, they begin to understand and accept their mothers. Although they have been soaked in the American culture, the same blood of the Chinese people in their bodies and their mothers’ love reminds them that they cannot deny their mothers’ culture.

III. Cultural Dialogue, Communication and Understanding

Because of the constant maternal love of the Joy Luck Club mothers, the daughters begin to understand and appreciate their mothers and the Chinese culture that their mothers represent. They begin to have cultural dialogue and communication with their mothers. Although they don’t have any special dialogue or discussion about the Chinese culture, the Joy Luck Club mothers try to grasp every chance to tell their daughters the knowledge about China. When Waverly and her mother have a dialogue about Genghis Khan, Taiyuan is mentioned. Waverly misunderstands it as Taiwan, her mother corrects her instantly, “I was born in China, in Taiyuan. Taiwan is a province of China.” (Tan 167). She doesn’t want her daughter misunderstand her motherland. On another occasion when some boys in Waverly’s class say Chinese people do Chinese torture, her mother corrects her daughter, “Chinese people do many things. Chinese people do business, do medicine, and do painting. Not lazy like American people. We do torture. Best torture.” (Tan 73). Lindo says these words because she doesn’t want her daughter feel unconfident in front of her American classmates. In this way, she tells her daughter that Chinese people are not inferior to any other people in the world. For them (the Joy Luck Club mothers), the offspring of Chinese immigrants are as superb as the Americans. Thus, through this kind of daily dialogue, the Joy Luck Club mothers instill a sense of Chineseness into their daughters’ hearts.

Thanks to their great efforts and maternal love, on one hand, the Joy Luck Club mothers gain understanding from their daughters; on the other hand, they impart the Chinese culture to their American-born daughters, which is of the most significance. In the process of dialogue and communication, cultural barriers that cause misunderstanding between mothers and daughters are being removed little by little, and in the end the understanding and blending of the two cultures are achieved.

Conclusion

Due to the disparate cultures they are born in, the Joy Luck Club mothers and daughters at first find it is difficult to have mutual understanding. However, as the Joy Luck Club mothers tell the daughters their experiences in China, their American daughters begin to know why sometimes their mothers’ behaviors are so different, or even backward and superstitious in their eyes. Their mothers suffer a lot before they immigrate to the United States, but the maternal love they impart to their daughters is not changing. The love is a typically Chinese one and differs from the love their American classmates and friendsreceive from their mothers. However, the maternal love serves as a bridge that links the differences and conflicts between the mothers and daughters.

To sum up, the Joy Luck Club mothers are the carriers of the traditional Chinese culture, the media of history and memory and the bridges that link the past and the present. Their maternal love to the daughters is laden with Chinese culture. It is just because of this maternal love that the Chinese culture can be extended; Chinese history and memory can be rebuilt for the daughters. Through the maternal love of their mothers, the Joy Luck Club daughters finally accept their mothers and the Chinese culture their mothers represent. And from a deep level, the maternal love in the Joy Luck Club represents the momentum of the understanding and blending of all the cultures in the world, which is a call of the new century.

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篇7

自從爸爸做生意致富后,家里就很少看到他的影子,每次回來不是醉醺醺的,就是滿身的香水味。起初,媽媽皺著眉頭不理他。后來,媽媽鄭重其事地問蘇蘇,如果我跟你爸離婚,你跟誰過?蘇蘇瞪大眼睛,冰冷地回敬她,如果你和爸爸離婚了,就不再是我媽媽,我也不再回這個家。媽媽聽了,輕輕地嘆息一聲,滿是無奈。

媽媽勤勞、樸實、善良,在一家國有工廠做統計員,因為蘇蘇堅持不肯讓他們離婚,所以媽媽只好試圖改變自己,挽回丈夫的心。有一天,放學回來,蘇蘇看見媽媽穿了難得一見的高跟鞋和裙子,一高一低地走在巷子口。其實,媽媽打扮后很漂亮,可是她不習慣穿成這樣。媽媽平常穿著樸素,連口紅都不抹,家里富裕以后,媽媽還是保留這個習慣。

爸爸回來以后,媽媽總是做他愛吃的菜,買他喜歡喝的酒,可就是看不到他的笑臉。有一次,爸爸甚至把一個妖艷的女人帶回家里。媽媽終于忍無可忍,向他提出離婚。爸爸悠閑地吸著煙,說,如果跟我離婚了,那你和女兒別想從我這里拿到一分錢!

蘇蘇沖過去,狠狠地在爸爸的胳膊上咬了一口。如果不是媽媽把她拖開,她可能會把爸爸胳膊上的肉咬掉一塊。那時候,她只有十四歲半,不知道哪里來的勇氣和力量。

兩個月后,爸爸和媽媽離婚了。一向春風滿面的爸爸忽然變得垂頭喪氣,媽媽也越來越沉默,每天送她上學、接她放學。蘇蘇和媽媽在老城區租了一間小房子,房主是一個姓林的男人,帶著一個十三四歲的男孩生活。媽媽對蘇蘇說,叫他“林叔叔”。林叔叔待人和氣,說話輕聲細語,對她們很照顧。有時候,蘇蘇屋里的燈泡壞了,自來水龍頭壞了,都是他幫忙修好。有時候,媽媽沒來得及買菜,他會把做好的飯菜端給她們吃,還會買小禮物送給她。

別人都說林叔叔對媽媽有意思,蘇蘇不知道是不是真的。有一天,媽媽問蘇蘇,如果咱們和林叔叔在一起吃飯,你有沒有意見?蘇蘇無所謂地聳聳肩,說,只要你喜歡,我怎么樣都行。其實,蘇蘇不是這樣想的。她恨爸爸,也恨媽媽,爸爸投進了別的女人的懷抱,媽媽竟然也想再結婚,全然不顧及她的感受。坐在街心花園的樹陰下,蘇蘇看著天邊的鴿子發呆,什么時候自己能長大?

家里沒人的時候,蘇蘇總是欺負林叔叔家的小弟弟,弄壞他的玩具。一天,蘇蘇去媽媽那里誣告林叔叔偷看她洗澡。媽媽聽了,臉色鐵青地咬住嘴唇,一句話都沒說。第二天,媽媽帶著蘇蘇搬出了林叔叔的家。這時,蘇蘇的臉上露出了久違的笑容。

兩年后的一天,蘇蘇路過原來的家,忽然想去看看爸爸,想知道他現在怎么樣了,被她咬過的那只胳膊是不是留下了疤痕。進了熟悉的院落,蘇蘇敲響熟悉的房門。開門的竟是一個中年胖子,她驚訝地看著他。他問蘇蘇,你找誰?蘇蘇囁嚅著說了爸爸的名字,胖子張揚地笑,說,那個倒霉蛋啊,早破產了,被債主追得到處跑,現在是不是還活著都難說,兩年前他就把這房子賣給我了。

篇8

一年前,大齡媽媽董銀娟剛剛懷孕6個月,便被診斷患有嚴重肺炎。由于治療肺炎需要采用抗生素,而抗生素在能夠消滅病毒的同時,也會影響胎兒的健康。擺在董銀娟面前的是一道殘酷的單選題!但她沒有絲毫猶豫地選擇了放棄治療自身疾病,保住胎兒健康。一個月后,孩子意外早產,她也變成了昏迷失憶的“植物人”。可出乎所有人意料的是,隨著兒子牙牙學語,這位治療了一年也沒見好轉的重癥病人,竟然在兒子一聲聲稚嫩的呼喚中蘇醒了過來……

殘酷選擇:準媽媽甘愿舍命生子

今年31歲的董銀娟是安徽省宣城市宣州區向陽鎮人。2006年春節期間,原本在深圳打工的董銀娟在媒婆的牽線下,與同鄉青年王江定下了親事。次年,他們攜手走入婚姻殿堂。

結婚后,兩人感情一直非常好。更讓他們驚喜不已的是,半年后,董銀娟就懷上了寶寶。

沉浸于幸福中的小兩口,憧憬著一家三口天倫之樂的生活。而公公婆婆聽聞喜訊后更是欣喜萬分,因為王江是家中的獨子,都盼著能早一天抱上孫子。

然而,誰也沒有想到,短暫的驚喜后等待這個家庭的竟是令人窒息的陰霾。

2008年5月的一天,懷有兩個多月身孕的董銀娟像往常一樣做起了家務。可當她提著一桶水準備給家里的家具擦洗一番時,她的腳猝不及防地一滑,身體瞬間失去平衡,她只感覺自己的腰被扭了一下,然后整個人摔倒在地。當董銀娟從地上爬起來時,發現自己的腰部和小腹劇痛無比,接到電話的王江趕緊趕回家,將妻子送到附近的醫院檢查。隨后,醫生遺憾地告訴他們,董銀娟流產了。

回家的途中,董銀娟臉色蒼白一言不發,王江的心也如刀割一般難受。回到家后,王江摟著妻子輕輕安慰她說:“孩子沒了就算了,我們還年輕,以后再生一個就是了,你的身體要緊啊。”“都怪我自己不小心,害得一家人空歡喜一場。”董銀娟后悔莫及。

此后漫長的兩年時間里,董銀娟卻一直沒能懷上孩子。難道是上次流產落下了病根,自己這輩子都不能當媽媽了嗎?盡管丈夫千方百計安慰她,但此時已經快30歲的董銀娟還是著急萬分。

2010年7月初,董銀娟終于又成功懷孕,新生命的呼喚瞬間驅散了籠罩在這個小家庭的所有陰霾。接下來的日子里,董銀娟小心翼翼地呵護著肚子里的寶寶,每天臉上都溢滿了幸福的笑容。但很快,厄運再次降臨到她身上。

2011年春節前夕,就在董銀娟懷孕6個月的時候,她突然發起了低燒,而且咳嗽不止。家人將她送往醫院檢查,結果董銀娟被診斷為嚴重肺炎。醫生告訴她,必須立即使用大量抗生素控制病情,否則會危及性命。可是難就難在如果使用大量抗生素治療,將會給其肚子里的胎兒帶來危險,很可能會影響胎兒的身體和智力發育。醫生建議拿掉胎兒。

“不能,我好不容易懷上寶寶,一定要將他生下來……”聽說要打掉肚子里的孩子,董銀娟情不自禁地抽泣了起來。回家后,面對著大人與胎兒只能選一個的殘酷現實,親人們立即召開了一個家庭會議,大家一致同意緊急治療董銀娟的疾病并打掉胎兒,連最想抱孫子的婆婆也支持先將兒媳的病治好再說。然而,董銀娟依然堅決地投了反對票。她決定,哪怕搭上性命也要將孩子生下來。親人們紛紛勸說她身體要緊,可是,不管親人們怎么勸,董銀娟卻依然不為所動。肚子里的寶寶已經6個月了,她舍不得。

親情悲歡:

兒子剛出生母親便“沉睡”

因為不用抗生素,董銀娟只能選擇用一些清熱解毒的中成藥及每天喝大量的白開水來抵御病魔。這種“緩解療法”雖然讓董銀娟的健康每況愈下,但她想著只要再扛幾個月,孩子就能出生了,依然堅持不用抗生素。

董銀娟的病情越來越嚴重,中成藥對于她的治療其實只能起到心理作用,根本無法控制病情。她的身體也一天比一天虛弱,家人看在眼里,急在心頭,又多次勸說董銀娟放棄孩子,但董銀娟依然固執地說,就算用生命去換,自己也要將這個孩子生下來。

2011年1月27日,董銀娟突然感到肚子劇烈疼痛,在丈夫的攙扶下,她很快被送到了鎮上衛生所。

“懷孕幾個月了?她可有臨產征兆啊!”醫生得知董銀娟才懷孕7個月,表情突然嚴肅起來。鑒于董銀娟的特殊情況,醫生建議王江趕緊將妻子送到其他大醫院待產。

當天,王江將妻子送進宣城市人民醫院后,醫生很快安排董銀娟住院,并告訴她孩子很有可能早產。第二天凌晨,孩子終于出生了,是個男嬰。

孩子出生后,王江和家人還來不及多看孩子一眼,就被告知嬰兒因為早產,呼吸微弱,被送到保溫箱里觀察了。更讓全家人擔心不已的是,完成使命的董銀娟在生產當天就出現了呼吸困難,口唇及指甲發黑等危險反應。醫生后來甚至告訴王江,因為其妻子病情嚴重,需要再次轉院治療。

兩天后,王江帶著從親朋好友那里借的兩萬元治療費,將妻子轉到了南京市鼓樓醫院繼續治療。董銀娟被診斷為支氣管擴張伴感染、肺源性心臟病及Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭。看著妻子消瘦蒼白的臉龐和微微睜開的雙眼,王江的心里很不好受。可更讓王江沒有料到的是,2月1日下午妻子在問完寶寶的情況后,竟然昏迷了過去。

“照理說妻子生完孩子后,情況會越來越好啊,怎么感覺越來越糟了呢?”王江找來醫生,急于得到明確的答案。好在經過醫生一陣搶救后,董銀娟再次醒了過來。可是當王江迎過去握住妻子的手,欣慰地說:“老婆,你醒啦?”董銀娟卻一臉茫然地望著王江問:“你是誰?”

董銀娟蘇醒之后,竟然失憶了。她不但不認識丈夫王江,連自己的父母和其他親友也全都不認識了。王江見親人們不能喚回妻子的記憶,只好將希望寄托在剛出生的兒子身上。可寶寶那邊也不樂觀,依然在保溫箱里接受觀察。

此后的十多天里,董銀娟多次出現昏迷狀況,偶爾被親人喚醒后,也是處于失去任何記憶的狀態。幸運的是原本危情連連的寶寶在經過20天生死考驗之后,已經轉危為安,可以成功脫離保溫箱了。王江考慮到經濟困難,再次將妻子轉到了宣城市中心醫院診治,并趕緊將兒子抱到妻子的病床前,期待奇跡的出現。

“老婆,你還沒給兒子取名字呢,睜開眼看看他啊……”令王江萬念俱灰的是,妻子就算偶爾醒過來,也只是對著兒子茫然地搖頭。到后來,連這種短暫的醒來也成為一種奢侈。

經驗豐富的醫生判斷,董銀娟很可能是因為沒有及時治療的肺炎引起了“韋尼克腦病并發癥”,病人的腦部記憶神經會因此受到損傷,這種病臨床發病幾率是十萬分之六點五,治療起來要花不少錢不說,治愈的可能性更是微乎其微。

無論如何也要將妻子的病治好,不然妻子豈不成了一個“植物人”!王江聽完醫生的話后,暗下決心。

自從董銀娟患上不時昏迷和失憶之癥后,全家人都陷入了愁云慘霧中,還好新生命的降臨給了這個家庭些許安慰。為了保住妻子的性命,也為了能給兒子一個健康的成長環境,王江開始了艱難的救妻之旅。

王江再次向親友們借來了近20萬元錢,帶著妻子去南京甚至上海等發達城市,尋找知名醫院治療。可是董銀娟的病情依然沒有好轉,不但沒有恢復記憶,身體也十分羸弱,只能借助吸氧維持體內氧氣。

2011年3月中旬,王江向親友們借來的治療費眼看就要用完了,可妻子的病卻越來越嚴重,長期處于昏迷狀態。

“小娟可能是難逃此劫了,我們還是放棄吧,到時人財兩空拿什么養活小孩呀……”娘家人見錢花了不少,可董銀娟根本沒有好轉跡象,迫不得已勸王江放棄。然而,王江卻堅持要治好妻子。

大愛輪回:

一歲兒子喚醒植物人媽媽

2011年4月初,因為花光了借來的治療費,王江再次將妻子送回宣城市中心醫院。絕望中的王江在一個朋友建議下,在當地一個論壇上發帖求助,并將妻子患如此嚴重“產后后遺癥”的來龍去脈作了簡單說明。讓他沒有料到的是,很多網友被董銀娟的偉大母愛所感動,當地一些媒體也很快聞訊趕到醫院來報道此事。

4月的宣城,乍暖還寒,可當董銀娟的事跡傳遍大街小巷時,溫暖了無數人。大家都被董銀娟的勇敢和堅強所感動,各界愛心人士也紛紛伸出援助之手。有了捐助的資金,董銀娟得以繼續留院治療。但她的病情依然沒有好轉跡象。

“老婆,我們就給兒子取名王銀吧,他的身體里流著我的血,更承載著你饋贈的堅強品質啊……”

王江雖然知道妻子失去了記憶,但更知道兒子在妻子心里的分量,所以他平時總會抱著兒子到董銀娟面前,給他講著媽媽以前的故事,告訴他媽媽有多么愛他。

王銀雖然是早產嬰兒,但才出生4個月的他竟然會發出咯咯的笑聲,哭起來的聲音也格外洪亮。每當兒子哭鬧不止時,王江便會趕緊將他抱到董銀娟身邊,兒子也仿佛和媽媽有了心靈感應,會情不自禁地用小手去觸碰媽媽冰涼的臉,然后嘴里會發出咯咯的笑聲。此時是王江最幸福的時刻,可他唯一感到遺憾的是,病床上的妻子卻無法感知這一切。

轉眼,王銀開始牙牙學語了。王江每天抱著兒子守在妻子身邊,一遍又一遍不厭其煩地教兒子說“媽媽”兩個字。就這樣,王銀對“媽媽”兩個字說得格外清楚。為了讓兒子和妻子有更多接觸,王江經常將兒子放在妻子的病床上,任其“自由發揮”。

那段時間,王銀幾乎每天都要在媽媽的病床上度過一段特殊時光。不諳世事的他總會歡快地在病床上爬來爬去,有時用小嘴親一下媽媽,有時候用軟乎乎的小手搭在媽媽的臉上,然后用稚嫩的聲音叫著:“媽媽,媽媽……”

每當此時,王江都無法抑制自己的感情。“孩子和我都需要你,求你快醒過來吧。”他總會握著妻子的手“哀求”道。可董銀娟躺在床上,無知無覺。

時間好不容易熬到2012年春節,迫于經濟原因,董銀娟被接回家療養。大年三十那天晚上,一家人吃完年夜飯后,王江按慣例把兒子抱到了妻子床邊。

“過年了,找媽媽拿壓歲錢!”王江一邊逗著兒子,一邊將兒子向妻子臉頰靠去,就在彼此觸碰的瞬間,王江發現妻子的左眼竟然眨了一下。王江頓時欣喜若狂,跑到客廳將此事告訴了家人。可當大家都跑到董銀娟跟前時,任憑王江使出百般解數,妻子又紋絲不動了。盡管家人看罷有些灰心喪氣,但王江卻始終堅信,兒子總有一天能喚醒沉睡的妻子。

2012年1月28日,正月初六,也是王銀一歲的生日。王江破例奢侈了一回,親自炒了幾道好菜,將親戚們叫來為兒子慶生。當晚,細心的王江還想法將妻子固定到了一張椅子上。

2月16日上午,王江像往常一樣將兒子帶到妻子床前,讓他和媽媽“交流”。“媽媽,媽媽!”隨著王銀這樣來回幾次叫喊后,王江突然發現妻子的眼角濕潤了。

“她恢復意識了,醒過來了……”王江一邊往屋外跑,一邊讓父母前來確認。這次,果然沒讓大家失望,董銀娟不但恢復了記憶,還一把抱緊兒子,并喊著圍在身邊的每一個親人。

王江聽到妻子的聲音,簡直不敢相信自己的耳朵,直到董銀娟朝著他喊了一聲:“老公!”王江才俯過身去,將妻子緊緊摟進懷中。

篇9

有心理學家做過這樣一個實驗:設置價值不同的激勵獎品,讓被試者給繡花針引線。結果發現,被試者目的性越強,手就顫抖得越厲害,線越不容易引入。

心理學家給這種現象起了一個名字,叫做“目的顫抖”。

生活中常會出現“目的顫抖”:太想寫好字,你的手就會抖!太想進球,你的腳就會顫抖!太想做出創意,你的大腦會顫抖!神射手后羿,原本有身百發百中的功夫,但在夏王面前表演時卻脫了靶,就因為他太在乎“得到贊揚”。美國著名高空走鋼絲演員瓦倫達,原本有雙在鋼索上如履平地的腳,但在最后一次演出中卻掉下了鋼絲,就因為他太在乎“最后的精彩”。

“目的顫抖”雖然表現不一,不論是手顫抖還是腳顫抖,都是心在顫抖。

有句話說得好:“大體則有,具體則無。”在做事情的具體過程中,應該把羈絆心靈的“目的”扔得遠遠的,讓自己得意淡然,失意坦然,平心靜氣,氣定神閑。

把結果看淡,往往能收獲意外之喜。

(摘自《青年博覽》辛若水/文)

優秀是可以裝出來的

同學聚會,見到了在外企工作的一位同學。

多年來她總是很守時,從不遲到;她認真做每一件事情,不管是以前做報表還是現在當主管,都一絲不茍;她總能保持優雅,無論別人是彬彬有禮還是出言不遜。

她是同學中一道靚麗的風景。

有同學問她:“為什么這么多年你一直都那么優秀?”

她笑笑說:“其實,一開始是裝出來的,裝認真、裝大度、裝細心、裝淑女……后來就習慣了,想不優秀都做不到了。”

她說得很輕松,但仔細想想,很有道理。比如說上班,每天都按時到崗,第一天可能是裝的,第五天還可以裝,但裝五年、十年試試?估計用不了那么久就成了習慣。心理行為學研究表明:21天以上的重復就會形成習慣,90天的重復會形成穩定的習慣。也就是說,人若想要養成一個習慣,只需要堅持90天就足夠了,它就會不由自主的成為生活的一部分。

從這一點上說,如果你想優秀,不妨先裝著優秀。為自己制訂一個優秀的目標,然后開始裝,裝得久了就成了習慣。當你習慣于優秀時,你就真的優秀了。

(摘自《牛城晚報》史鳳芹/文)

有愛就有財富和成功

婦人走到屋外,看見院里坐著三位老人。

“你們餓了吧,請進來吃點東西。”婦人說。

“男主人在嗎?”老人們問。

“不在!”婦人說。

“那我們不能進去。”

傍晚,丈夫回到了家。

“你們快進來吃點東西吧。”婦人再次邀請。

“我們不可以一起進屋。”老人們回答。

“為什么呢?”

一位老人說:“我是財富。”然后他指著另外兩位老人說:“他們一位是成功,一位是愛。”

“你跟丈夫商量一下,要我們哪一位進去?”

婦人進去告訴丈夫。

丈夫非常高興地說:“那我們請財富進來吧!”婦人不同意:“我覺得邀請成功比較好。”

兒媳婦聽見后,表達了自己的意見:“邀請愛不是更好嗎?”

丈夫說:“那就照著兒媳的意見做吧!”

婦人走到屋外:“請問哪位是愛?”

愛起身朝屋里走去,另外兩外老人也跟著進了屋。

婦人很驚訝:“你們怎么一道進來了?”

篇10

[中圖分類號]R511 [文獻標識碼]C [文章編號]1673-7210(2007)05(c)-131-02

近年來,我國艾滋病(AIDS)流行形勢日趨嚴重,感染者中婦女和兒童的比例逐漸增大[1],而母嬰垂直傳播是嬰兒及兒童感染艾滋病的主要途徑。由于各級婦幼保健院和婦產科醫護人員主要服務對象是育齡婦女及婚檢人員,因此在防治艾滋病母嬰垂直傳播,降低兒童感染HIV方面發揮著巨大作用。本調查旨在了解我市基層婦幼保健院和各級醫院婦產科醫護人員艾滋病母嬰傳播防治知識/態度現況,為開展培訓提供依據。

1 對象與方法

1.1 調查對象

本調查采用隨機整群抽樣方法抽取市縣兩級婦幼保健院(站)4家,市、縣、鄉三級醫療機構共14家;其中,市級綜合醫院2家,縣級綜合醫院3家,鄉鎮衛生院9家。調查婦幼保健機構的檢驗科、婦產科、 查體科以及兒科的醫護人員,醫療機構婦產科的醫護人員,共計調查226人。

1.2 調查方法

參照國內有關文獻[2]設計調查問卷,現場采用匿名調查。在答卷前,由調查者說明意義及要求,讓調查對象在統一時間內獨自填寫,當場收回。然后專人進行資料的整理、錄入與統計分析。

1.3 調查內容

個人一般信息,獲得艾滋病相關知識途徑,艾滋病母嬰垂直傳播防治知識/態度。

1.4 質量控制

調查人員對現場問卷進行缺項、漏項及邏輯錯誤檢查,并隨時糾正。

1.5 統計方法

所有資料均使用EPI DATA3.1軟件進行錄入,使用SPSS11.5軟件分析數據。

2 結果

2.1 基本情況

本次共調查 226人,收集合格問卷 216份進行分析。其中男 36 人(16.7%),女180人(83.3%);市級綜合醫院26人(12.0%),縣級綜合醫院33人(15.3%),鄉鎮衛生院37人(17.1%),市級婦幼保健機構32人(14.8%),縣級婦幼保健機構88人(40.7%);本科及以上學歷 25 人(11.6%),專科學歷73人(33.8%),中專學歷101人(46.7%),中專以下學歷17人(7.9%);副高及以上職稱16人(7.4%),中級職稱88人(40.7%),初級職稱98人(45.4%),其他95人(6.5%)。

2.2 人員培訓及獲得艾滋病相關知識途徑

市縣兩級綜合醫院的被調查人員有89.5%參加過上級單位或本單位舉辦的艾滋病知識培訓班;鄉鎮衛生院有78.4%參加過培訓;婦幼保健機構有62.2%參加過培訓。所有被調查人員均沒有參加過艾滋病母嬰傳播專業知識培訓班。69.5%的被調查者通過培訓、專業書籍、報刊、電視以及互聯網等多種途徑獲得艾滋病的相關知識;另有8.9%的被調查者僅通過電視、廣播等新聞媒體獲得知識。

2.3 對待AIDS/HIV 感染者的態度

30%的醫護人員認為在工作中有可能會遇到AIDS/HIV感染者;65%的被調查人員認為艾滋病離自己還很遙遠,因此學習艾滋病相關知識的必要性不大;有45%的被調查者愿意主動向育齡婦女開展有關預防艾滋病信息的宣傳、健康教育和咨詢;36%的被調查人員愿意為AIDS/HIV感染者提供手術/助產等服務。

2.4 艾滋病母嬰傳播防治知識答題正確率

216份合格問卷,總的答題正確率是60.1%,基本知識部分平均答題正確率是67.0%,預防治療部分平均是48.2%,傳播途徑部分平均是67.7%。艾滋病母嬰傳播防治知識答題正確率分別是14.4%~95.8%(表 1)。

2.5 各級醫務人員艾滋病母嬰傳播防治知識得分比較分析

將問卷中的25個問題作為知識指標,每個正確答案計1分,總分25分來評價我市醫護人員相關知識水平,并進一步分析這個指標的基本人口學特征。結果顯示:不同級別單位醫務人員艾滋病知識得分有統計學意義(P0.05)(表2)。對表2再用SNK(Student-Newman-Keuls)法進行兩兩比較,結果顯示:市級綜合醫院婦產科和縣級婦幼保健站的醫護人員得分高于縣級綜合醫院和鄉鎮衛生院,有統計學意義(P0.05)。

3 討論

艾滋病母嬰傳播是兒童感染HIV的最主要途徑, 嬰幼兒HIV感染約有90%通過母嬰傳播而獲得[3]。因此, 防止艾滋病母嬰傳播是減少兒童發生艾滋病的重要措施。聊城市于2002年發現首例艾滋病病人,截止到2006年12月,已經發現18例AIDS/HIV感染者,女性患者占33.3%(6/18),其中1對夫婦經性途徑感染HIV[4]。盡管目前沒有出現艾滋病母嬰傳播,但隨著我市女性HIV 感染者的增多,艾滋病母嬰傳播的可能性在逐漸增加。有研究發現:通過對HIV 陽性母親在孕前、產前及產時、產后的一系列干預措施,如有計劃終止妊娠、合理用藥等均可降低嬰兒HIV 的感染率[5]。各級醫院婦產科和婦幼保健機構醫護人員其主要服務對象是育齡期婦女和婚檢人員,因此, 在婦幼保健系統和開展助產服務的醫療機構加強預防艾滋病母嬰傳播能力建設, 實施開展預防艾滋病母嬰傳播的干預措施,對于降低艾滋病母嬰傳播的幾率,具有重要的意義。本次調查發現我市各級醫院婦產科和婦幼保健機構的醫護人員普遍缺乏艾滋病母嬰傳播防治知識,其平均得分率僅為60.1%,諸如:艾滋病母嬰垂直傳播的時機、艾滋病的早期臨床表現等問題的得分率非常低。出現這種情況可能與大多數被調查人員(65%)認為艾滋病離自己還很遙遠,缺乏學習艾滋病知識的動力有關。

態度決定行為,本次調查表明:僅有45%的被調查者愿意主動向育齡婦女開展有關預防艾滋病信息的宣傳、健康教育和咨詢;愿意為AIDS/HIV感染者提供手術/助產等服務的被調查人員所占比例更低,僅為36%。醫護人員的這種消極態度必然影響她們向其服務的對象進行健康教育宣傳和實施行為干預。有研究表明:未對高危生育期婦女進行有效的HIV 監測及咨詢, 未采取有效干預措施是造成兒童HIV/ AIDS 的主要原因[1]。因此加強婦幼保健機構和婦產科醫護人員艾滋病母嬰傳播知識的培訓,提高其對預防母嬰傳播艾滋病的認識,對防止艾滋病經母嬰垂直傳播具有重要意義。

根據《中國預防與控制艾滋病中長期規劃(1998-2010)》要求,到2002年,85%以上的醫療衛生人員須接受性病專業知識培訓。本次調查表明,本市鄉鎮衛生院只有78.4%的被調查人員參加過培訓,市縣兩級婦幼保健機構僅有62.2%的人員參加過艾滋病培訓,低于85%的目標。基層婦幼保健機構主要的服務對象是廣大農村育齡期婦女和婚檢人員,有研究發現,不少育齡期婦女的丈夫存在感染HIV的危險因素,而的低使用率可導致感染HIV的男性通過性生活的途徑將艾滋病傳染給妻子[6]。而通過將預防艾滋病的內容融入現有的婦幼保健系統婚前知識培訓體系,對婚檢人群及育齡期婦女實施艾滋病性病健康教育宣傳,可以取得明顯的干預效果[7]。但我市婦幼保健機構醫護人員艾滋病防治知識的現況還不具備對服務對象實施干預的條件。因此,各級衛生行政部門的主管領導應充分認識艾滋病母嬰傳播的危害,盡快采取措施,開展我市醫護人員艾滋病母嬰傳播防治知識的培訓。

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